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1.Cantata, (from Italian cantare, “to sing”), originally, a musical composition intended to be sung, as opposed to a sonata, a composition played instrumentally; now, loosely, any work for voices and instruments.
2.Chorale melodies are often in Bar form, that is, consisting of a repeated first phrase, called Stollen, and a concluding second phrase. The harmonisation of such a chorale melody may repeat the same harmonisation for both passes of the Stollen, or may present a variant harmonisation on the second pass of the first phrase of the melody.
3.concerto is a large-scale composition for an orchestra with a soloist or a group of soloists. The solo performers will alternate between playing with or alongside the larger ensemble.
4.concerto grosso is a form of baroque music in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists and full orchestra. This is in contrast to the solo concerto which features a single solo instrument with the melody line, accompanied by the orchestra.
5.fugue is a contrapuntal compositional technique in two or more voices, built on a subject (a musical theme) that is introduced at the beginning in imitation (repetition at different pitches) and which recurs frequently in the course of the composition.
6.Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration when a net force is applied. An object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies.
7.Opera is a form of theatre in which music has a leading role and the parts are taken by singers, but is distinct from musical theatre. ... In traditional number opera, singers employ two styles of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style, and self-contained arias.
8.oratorio is a musical piece that is usually lengthy and based on some Biblical or religious event. It is a performance for voice and orchestra, but the story is told through the music, and not with scenery, costumes, and action.
9.A prelude is a short piece of music, the form of which may vary from piece to piece. The prelude may be thought of as a preface.
10.Sonata in music, literally means a piece played as opposed to a cantata ( Latin and Italian cantare, "to sing"), a piece sung.
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