What stage of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the collapse of the uterine wall and the subsequent release of blood and tissues from the body?

The four phases of the menstrual cycle are menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase. Common menstrual problems include heavy or painful periods and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Knowing when in the menstrual cycle a woman is most likely to conceive can increase the chance of pregnancy.

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Answer:

Correct option is B)

The menstrual cycle consists of four phases:

menstrual phase, proliferative phase, ovulatory phase and secretory phase.

(i) Menstrual Phase (Bleeding phase or menses) : It takes place on days 3-5 in a 28 days cycle. The production of LH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is considerably reduced. Progesterone production is reduced. Production of estrogens is also reduced in this phase. The endometrium of the uterus breaks down and menstruation begins.

(ii) Follicular Phase (Proliferative Phase) : This phase usually includes cycle days 6-13 or 14.The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland stimulates the ovarian follicle to secrete estrogens. The endometrium becomes thicker as blood vessels become long and coiled.

(iii) Ovulatory Phase: Both LH and FSH attain a peak level in the middle of cyde (about 14

th

, day). Graafian follicle ruptures releasing the ovum.

(iv) Luteal Phase (Secretory Phase):This phase usually includes cycle days 15 to 28. The corpus luteum secretes large amount of progesterone. Progesterone stimulates the uterine glands to produce increased amount of watery mucus. In the absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates. This causes disintegration of the endothelium leading to menstruation marking a new cycle.

So, the correct answer is 'Secretory phase : Development of corpus luteum and increased secretion of progesterone'.

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