Kabihasnang sumer: pinamunuan ng isang hari,kabihasnang akkad:haring Sargon I, kabihasnang babylonia: Hammurabi, Assyria: Tiglath-Pileser I at si Ashurbanipal,Kabihasnang Chaldea: Nabopolassar at si Nebuchadnezzar II, kabihasnang Persia: Cyrus the Great at si Darius the Great.