What is acid and base?

The word acid came from the Latin words "acidus" or "acere" which mean sour. This is because one distinguishable characteristic of acids is they have sour taste.

An acid is a chemical compound that donates hydrogen ions or proton. Aside form donating protons, it can also accept electrons. It is noticeable in acid's chemical structure that it contain a hydrogen atom bonded to other element. This hydrogen can dissociate in order to produce a cation and an anion in the presence of water.

If the acid produced a higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, therefore, its acidity is also high. High acidity corresponds to low pH. The pH of acid is less than 7.

Examples of Acids

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) - found in gastric juice
Sulfuric Acid
Ascorbic Acid - also known as Vitamin C; found in fruits
Citric Acid - found in citrus fruits
Nitric acid (HNO₃)

Base

In chemistry, compared to acid, a base is a chemical compound that accepts protons, donates electrons, or releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in solutions with the presence of water.

Like acids, bases show distinguishable characteristic properties that can be used to identify them. Bases are known to be slippery, can have bitter taste, catalyze certain reactions, and reacts with acids in order to form salts.

A compound is highly basic if it has a pH greater than 7.

Examples of Bases

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) - also known as limewater
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) - also known as caustic soda
Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) - also known as milk of magnesia
Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) - also known as ammonia water
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