Sagot :
Earthquake epicenters are located in areas with active volcanoes and mountain ranges, but not all areas with earthquake epicenter have volcanoes and mountain ranges. Areas with volcanoes have earthquake epicenters because volcanic eruption or activity produces volcanic earthquake. Volcanoes, mountain ranges and earthquakes are all formed along convergent boundaries although some volcanoes and earthquake are also produced by divergent boundary, while other earthquake are produced by transform fault boundary.
The distribution of earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and mountain ranges serves as the basis for the scientist in dividing the Earth's lithosphere into several segments called plates.
Three Types of Plate boundary
- Convergent Boundary
- Divergent Boundary
- Transform Fault Boundary
Convergent Boundary
Occurs when two plates moves towards each other. It can be continental to continental convergence, oceanic to oceanic convergence, continental to oceanic convergence.
Divergent Boundary
Occurs when two plates moves away from each other.
Transform Fault Boundary
Occurs when the plate slide past each other.
Types of Geological features formed in Convergent Boundary
- Earthquakes
- Volcanoes
- Mountain Ranges
1. Earthquakes
Slippage along the fault or the plate boundary, releases tremendous amount of energy which causes vibration on the surface of the Earth which is commonly known as Earthquake. Locating the earthquake's epicenter provides important data in identifying areas which are prone to earthquake so that necessary precaution will be taken to prevent lost of life and other casualties.
Types of Earthquake
- Tectonic Earthquake
- Volcanic Earthquake
Tectonic Earthquake
Tectonic earthquake is the result of the movement of the plate which produces tremendous amount of energy that travels in all direction away from the epicenter causing shaking on the surface.
Volcanic Earthquake
Volcanic Earthquake occurs due to the volcanic activity of erupting volcanoes. Volcanic activity due to the rising of magma on the surface of the earth causes shaking in surrounding areas known as volcanic earthquake.
2. Volcanoes
Are formed along convergent boundaries wherein when two plates collide, denser plate will subduct beneath the other and move towards the mantle. When the subducted plate reaches the mantle, it melts and turns into a magma which rise up on the surface creating Volcanoes. Some volcanoes are formed on divergent boundary particularly on the mid-Atlantic ridge. Some Volcanoes are formed over the hot spot like the Volcanoes on the Hawaiian Islands.
Here are the three types of Volcano from biggest to smallest
- Shield Volcano
- Composite Volcano
- Cinder Cone Volcano
Shield Volcano may not be the tallest Volcano but it occupies the biggest volume. The largest Volcano on our planet is known as Mauna Loa which is a shield volcano. The largest volcano on our solar system is known as Olympus Mons a shield volcano from planet Mars. Composite volcano or a stratovolcano is the tallest volcano which produce explosive eruption. Cinder cone volcano is the smallest volcano among the three.
3. Mountain Ranges
Are formed between between the collision of continental-to-continental convergence. Collision zone is created in this type of collision, no trench, no volcanoes but only large group of tall mountains are created known as mountain ranges. One very good example is the Himalayas mountain.
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