Sagot :
A central concept in Taoist philosophy is this theme of finding people by renouncing society, and this theme is often back to the Taoist poetry and art. Chi K'ang, a Taoist poet of the second century AD , probably young and romantic at the time of writing the following passages: I am cast Wisdom and Learning decline. My thoughts should Wanderin the Great Void Always repentance of wrongs done will not bring my heart rest. Cast my hook in a single stream; But my joy was as though I possessed a Kingdom. Loose my hair and go to singing, the four men join my borders refrain. It Imagine my song: "My thoughts will wander to the Great Void." tells us Chi K'ang what we commonly think of as knowledge and wisdom obstacle in its path. What he learned, he realizes, will not help him in his contemplation of Man. Moreover, spending his time in regret and reflect on his past sins will bring him neither peace nor explanation. Fishing in the small stream is a metaphor that he uses to refer to a life lived to the People . Communion with Tao will give him all he needs - food and happiness fit for a king. By untying her hair, symbolically he frees himself from society conventions. Her song, reminding people of their obligations to the spiritual man, is like a signal to awaken everyone to hear it. Like other Taoists, the poet does not really tell us what person. He can only show us the direction in which he is looking for good man and finds him in this pursuit. The method of indirectly discussing Man is very much in keeping with the traditional Taoist path. In Taoist philosophy, an enlightened mind is a mind unencumbered intellectual constructions of society. Enlightenment is a state of mind in which the universal principles governing nature can be seen without effort. Ideas born from such a state can not help but surpass the more universal idea of an unenlightened mind. Unfortunately, simply that society is born, as a result, the inheritance of confusion it. Religions, legal systems, and rituals are all examples of contrived systems that serve the private interests of some team. When we use the ideas they propose, we also adopt their interests and ways of thinking. In doing so, we lose sight of the true nature of things. How best to rid ourselves of the misconceptions and flawed logic, how to go about the repudiation of society, is the Taoist problem. Our five senses are partly to blame because they has encouraged us to explore the outer world. At the time we were led by our eyes, and in others we follow our ears in search of a role. The psychological effects of color, sound, smell, taste, and physical sensations in general, therefore, must be carefully controlled. "The five colors blind our eyes, the five tones deafen our ears, and the five flavors spoil our taste, "says Lao Tzu in Paragraph 12 of the Tao Te Ching. He suggests that behind the world of the senses lies another world, an inner reality complete with its own sensibilities, All superior to our physical perceptions. Unfortunately, too many contacts with the outside world is causing us to lose touch with inner dimensions and consequently the man. The idea of an inner world that needs our energy and attention are central to Taoist philosophy. Because our attention is distracted by the external world, our energies are diverted from more important, internal affairs. As a result, we need to delay our journey back to the source, Man. As Lao Tzu says in Paragraph 47 of the Tao Te Ching: One may know the world without going out of the gate. One can know the Way Heaven on looking through the window. The further one goes, the less you know one. Therefore the sage knows without going about, understand without being seen, and done without any action. The passage suggests that it is not the world as such should be rejected, but rather its outer appearance. We can know the world, tells us of this paragraph, that no real investigation. With this survey we will never reach the heart of the world, but only met his shell, the part which envelops it and hiding his true inner nature. It tells us the way to direct attention away from overwhelming flood of ideas produced in our interaction with the everyday world. By doing so, it is possible to gain a measure of control over our emotions, because we have no need to respond to the world. If we can do this, then the message we receive from the world, although not infinite in their scope, not to influence us in the same way, nor can they determine our outlook. In this way, Taoists believe our inner world is gradually purified and liberated from the tyranny of the same perception and radical swings of emotions they invoke. Freedom becomes possible from the boundaries imposed by daily life. After a certain distance progressing in the Way, we escape the universal laws that affect human existence. As our spirit develops, old patterns of thinking and behavior is outstanding.