•Economic factor• Accumulation of capital and development of banking in Europe.• The search for new routes by Spain and Portugal.
•Pepper, Ginger, Nutmeg,Onions, Garlic, etc.
•Political factor• The Crusades (1096-1272) originally were a religious adventure to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims.
• The fall of Constantinople (1453).
• The reconquista and the desire to spread Catholicism.• The treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.
•“revival of learning”
•Humanism• The discovery and invention of more technologically-advanced navigational instruments:
•PACIFICATION ANDEXPLOITATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
• The Spanish soldiers were mostly experienced and well - armed
• The policy of attraction
• The method of divide and conquer.
• The role of Christianity
• The reduccion/ resettlement/ Iconoclastic policy and plaza complex
•Other factors...• The lack of unity among the Filipinos• Filipino hospitality
•The INSTRUMENTS of EXPLOTATION and CONTROL
•The Encomienda System
•The Imposition of Taxes
•The Polo y Servicios
•The Role of Traditional Leader
•The Manila – Acapulso Trade
•Other government monopolies• Monopoly of tobacco and wine• Bandala, which involved the forced selling of requisition of products, most especially tobacco, palay and coconut oil.
•Philippines in the 19th Century: the social, political and economic conditions
• The 19th century of the Philippines was largely medieval. Its social and economic structure was based on the old feudalistic patterns of abuse and exploitation of the Indio. Its censorship and racial discriminatory practices were oppressive.
•The Social Structure• Feudalistic – master slave relationship
• Spaniards exacted all forms of taxes and tributes.• Drafted Filipinos for manual labor
•Classes of Society
